Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common adult renal malignancy and exhibits heterogeneous clinical behavior that is currently stratified by the WHO/ISUP nuclear grading system. β-catenin, the terminal effector of canonical Wnt signaling and an integral component of the cadherin–catenin adhesion complex, has been implicated in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor progression, but its quantitative relationship with WHO/ISUP grade in Indonesian ccRCC has not been reported.
Methods: This analytic observational cross-sectional study examined 73 archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ccRCC specimens collected at the Anatomical Pathology Installation of Dr. Saiful Anwar Regional General Hospital Malang between January 2019 and May 2025. Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin (Dako Clone 14, dilution 1:200) was scored independently and blindly by two anatomical pathologists using the H-score methodology across ten 400× high-power fields per case.
Results: The overall mean H-score was 236.4 ± 50.6 (range 20–295). Spearman rank correlation revealed a strong, statistically significant inverse association between membranous β-catenin H-score and WHO/ISUP grade (ρ = –0.664; 95% CI –0.778 to –0.503; p < 0.001). Mean H-scores declined monotonically from Grade 1 (285 ± 28) through Grade 2 (270 ± 32), Grade 3 (228 ± 30), to Grade 4 (175 ± 32), and Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis distinguished high-grade (G3–G4) from low-grade (G1–G2) tumors with an area under the curve of 0.84.
Conclusion: These findings support membranous β-catenin H-score as a biologically grounded, accessible immunohistochemical adjunct to WHO/ISUP grading and motivate further translational evaluation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a stratification and therapeutic target in ccRCC.
Keywords
Article Details
As our aim is to disseminate original research article, hence the publishing right is a necessary one. The publishing right is needed in order to reach the agreement between the author and publisher. As the journal is fully open access, the authors will sign an exclusive license agreement.
The authors have the right to:
- Share their article in the same ways permitted to third parties under the relevant user license.
- Retain copyright, patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights including research data.
- Proper attribution and credit for the published work.
For the open access article, the publisher is granted to the following right.
- The non-exclusive right to publish the article and grant right to others.
- For the published article, the publisher applied for the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
