Ocular Manifestations and Risk Factors of HIV in a Single-Center Observational Study at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v8i11.1111Keywords:
Antiretroviral therapy, CD4 T-cell count, CMV retinitis, HIV, Ocular manifestationsAbstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with various ocular manifestations, impacting visual health and quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of ocular manifestations and their associated risk factors in HIV-positive individuals at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia.
Methods: This single-center observational study included HIV-positive patients presenting with ocular complaints at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital between 2019 and 2021. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were conducted, and data on demographics, HIV disease stage, CD4+ T-cell count, antiretroviral therapy (ART) status, and ocular findings were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to identify associations between risk factors and specific ocular manifestations.
Results: A total of 149 HIV-positive patients were included in the study, with 7 (4.7%) presenting with ocular manifestations. The most common ocular manifestation was cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (57.1%), followed by retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning (42.9%). Other manifestations included visual field disturbances and herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). Low CD4+ T-cell count (<200 cells/μL) was significantly associated with CMV retinitis (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: CMV retinitis and RNFL thinning were the predominant ocular manifestations in this HIV-positive cohort. Low CD4+ T-cell count emerged as a significant risk factor for CMV retinitis. Early detection and prompt management of ocular manifestations are crucial to prevent visual impairment in HIV-positive individuals.
Authors
- Havilah Zeki Rosa1*
- Havriza Vitresia1
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Universitas Andalas/Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Corresponding author Havilah Zeki Rosa — havilahzeki@gmail.com
Article history
- Submitted
- Accepted
- Published
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
As our aim is to disseminate original research article, hence the publishing right is a necessary one. The publishing right is needed in order to reach the agreement between the author and publisher. As the journal is fully open access, the authors will sign an exclusive license agreement.
The authors have the right to:
- Share their article in the same ways permitted to third parties under the relevant user license.
- Retain copyright, patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights including research data.
- Proper attribution and credit for the published work.
For the open access article, the publisher is granted to the following right.
- The non-exclusive right to publish the article and grant right to others.
- For the published article, the publisher applied for the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
